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Bromine [Br] locate me
CAS-ID: 7726-95-6
An: 35 N: 45
Am: 79.904 g/mol
Group No: 17
Group Name: Halogen
Block: p-block  Period: 4
State: liquid
Colour: red-brown, metallic lustre when solid Classification: Non-metallic
Boiling Point: 332K (59°C)
Melting Point: 265.8K (-7.3°C)
Critical temperature: 586K (313°C)
Density: (liquid) 3.1028g/cm3
Discovery Information
Who: Antoine J. Balard
When: 1826
Where: France
Name Origin
Greek: bromos (stench).
 "Bromine" in different languages.
Sources
Occurs in compounds in sea water. World wide production is around 330 thousand tons per year. Main producers are the USA, Israel, the UK, Russia, France and Japan.
Abundance
 Universe: 0.007 ppm (by weight)
 Carbonaceous meteorite: 1.2 ppm
 Earth's Crust: 3 ppm
 Seawater: 67.3 ppm
 Human:
   2900 ppb by weight
   230 ppb by atoms
Uses
Used for water purification (swimming pools), manufacture of ethylene dibromide (C2H4Br2)(anti-knocking gasoline), bleaching, organic synthesis, solvent, analytical reagent, fire retardant for plastics, pharmaceuticals, shrink-proofing wool.
Bromine is used to make brominated vegetable oil, which is used as an emulsifier in many citrus-flavoured soft drinks.
History
Bromine was discovered by Antoine Balard at the salt marshes of Montpellier in 1826, but was not produced in quantity until 1860. The French chemist and physicist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac suggested the name bromine due to the characteristic smell of the vapours.
Notes
Bromine is highly reactive and is a powerful oxidizing agent in the presence of water. It reacts vigorously with amines, alkenes and phenols as well as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and acids (these are brominated by either addition or substitution reactions). With many of the metals and elements, anhydrous bromine is less reactive than hydrated bromine; however, dry bromine reacts vigorously with aluminium, titanium, mercury as well as alkaline earth metals and alkali metals.
Because of its high cost, bromine is usually recycled rather than disposed of into the environment.
About 500 million kilograms of bromine are produced each year worldwide, with the USA and Israel being the main producers.
Hazards
May be fatal if inhaled, highly toxic b inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
Elemental bromine is a strong irritant and, in concentrated form, will produce painful blisters on exposed skin and especially mucous membranes. Even low concentrations of bromine vapour (from 10 ppm) can affect breathing, and inhalation of significant amounts of bromine can seriously damage the respiratory system.